Everything about Air Supremacy totally explained
Air supremacy is the most favorable state of control of the air. It is defined by
NATO and the
United States Department of Defense as "that degree of air superiority wherein the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference."
There are normally thought to be three levels of control of the air. Air supremacy is the highest, meaning there's complete control of the skies.
Air superiority is the next highest, which is being in a more favorable position than the opponent. Air parity is the lowest level of control, meaning control of the skies only above friendly troop positions.
For example, in
World War II after the
German attack into France, the
German Luftwaffe had
air superiority over
Western Europe, being able to attack
England, specifically
London, with some resistance. As the
Royal Air Force began winning the
Battle of Britain the British had
air parity—having control of the skies above England, but not the skies over France and Germany. As the war went on, the Allies eventually gained
air supremacy and the Luftwaffe couldn't give effective interference to allied land operations.
After the
First World War, many theorists around the world began to consider the importance of air supremacy and air superiority. Most notable was the Italian general
Giulio Douhet in his book
The Command of the Air. At the beginning of the Second World War, the main combatants took different views on the importance of air power.
Adolf Hitler saw it as only a helpful tool to support the
Wehrmacht, the German army. The
Allied powers, however, saw it as being a more important part of warfare, specifically long-range
strategic bombing which crippled Germany's industrial centers.
Today, air supremacy is a key first goal of United States military operations. This was demonstrated in the
Gulf War when the
Iraqi Air Force had been almost completely obliterated in the opening stages, losing most of their command and control capability and aircraft to precision Coalition strikes and desertion to Iran, whilst shooting down relatively small numbers of opposing aircraft.
Further Information
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